Antimalarial drugs inhibit the replication of SARS-CoV-2: An in vitro evaluation.
Identifieur interne : 001690 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001689; suivant : 001691Antimalarial drugs inhibit the replication of SARS-CoV-2: An in vitro evaluation.
Auteurs : Mathieu Gendrot [France] ; Julien Andreani [France] ; Manon Boxberger [France] ; Priscilla Jardot [France] ; Isabelle Fonta [France] ; Marion Le Bideau [France] ; Isabelle Duflot [France] ; Joel Mosnier [France] ; Clara Rolland [France] ; Hervé Bogreau [France] ; Sébastien Hutter [France] ; Bernard La Scola [France] ; Bruno Pradines [France]Source :
- Travel medicine and infectious disease [ 1873-0442 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
In December 2019, a new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, China. African countries see slower dynamic of COVID-19 cases and deaths. One of the assumptions that may explain this later emergence in Africa, and more particularly in malaria endemic areas, would be the use of antimalarial drugs. We investigated the in vitro antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 of several antimalarial drugs. Chloroquine (EC50 = 2.1 μM and EC90 = 3.8 μM), hydroxychloroquine (EC50 = 1.5 μM and EC90 = 3.0 μM), ferroquine (EC50 = 1.5 μM and EC90 = 2.4 μM), desethylamodiaquine (EC50 = 0.52 μM and EC90 = 1.9 μM), mefloquine (EC50 = 1.8 μM and EC90 = 8.1 μM), pyronaridine (EC50 = 0.72 μM and EC90 = 0.75 μM) and quinine (EC50 = 10.7 μM and EC90 = 38.8 μM) showed in vitro antiviral effective activity with IC50 and IC90 compatible with drug oral uptake at doses commonly administered in malaria treatment. The ratio Clung/EC90 ranged from 5 to 59. Lumefantrine, piperaquine and dihydroartemisinin had IC50 and IC90 too high to be compatible with expected plasma concentrations (ratio Cmax/EC90 < 0.05). Based on our results, we would expect that countries which commonly use artesunate-amodiaquine or artesunate-mefloquine report fewer cases and deaths than those using artemether-lumefantrine or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine. It could be necessary now to compare the antimalarial use and the dynamics of COVID-19 country by country to confirm this hypothesis.
DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101873
PubMed: 32916297
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Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Centre National de Référence Du Paludisme, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Le Bideau, Marion" sort="Le Bideau, Marion" uniqKey="Le Bideau M" first="Marion" last="Le Bideau">Marion Le Bideau</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Duflot, Isabelle" sort="Duflot, Isabelle" uniqKey="Duflot I" first="Isabelle" last="Duflot">Isabelle Duflot</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mosnier, Joel" sort="Mosnier, Joel" uniqKey="Mosnier J" first="Joel" last="Mosnier">Joel Mosnier</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Centre National de Référence Du Paludisme, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Centre National de Référence Du Paludisme, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rolland, Clara" sort="Rolland, Clara" uniqKey="Rolland C" first="Clara" last="Rolland">Clara Rolland</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bogreau, Herve" sort="Bogreau, Herve" uniqKey="Bogreau H" first="Hervé" last="Bogreau">Hervé Bogreau</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Centre National de Référence Du Paludisme, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Centre National de Référence Du Paludisme, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hutter, Sebastien" sort="Hutter, Sebastien" uniqKey="Hutter S" first="Sébastien" last="Hutter">Sébastien Hutter</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="La Scola, Bernard" sort="La Scola, Bernard" uniqKey="La Scola B" first="Bernard" last="La Scola">Bernard La Scola</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France. Electronic address: bruno.pradines@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pradines, Bruno" sort="Pradines, Bruno" uniqKey="Pradines B" first="Bruno" last="Pradines">Bruno Pradines</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Centre National de Référence Du Paludisme, Marseille, France. Electronic address: bernard.la-scola@univ-amu.fr.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Centre National de Référence Du Paludisme, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32916297</idno><idno type="pmid">32916297</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101873</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000160</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000160</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000160</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000160</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000160</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Antimalarial drugs inhibit the replication of SARS-CoV-2: An in vitro evaluation.</title><author><name sortKey="Gendrot, Mathieu" sort="Gendrot, Mathieu" uniqKey="Gendrot M" first="Mathieu" last="Gendrot">Mathieu Gendrot</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Andreani, Julien" sort="Andreani, Julien" uniqKey="Andreani J" first="Julien" last="Andreani">Julien Andreani</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boxberger, Manon" sort="Boxberger, Manon" uniqKey="Boxberger M" first="Manon" last="Boxberger">Manon Boxberger</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jardot, Priscilla" sort="Jardot, Priscilla" uniqKey="Jardot P" first="Priscilla" last="Jardot">Priscilla Jardot</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fonta, Isabelle" sort="Fonta, Isabelle" uniqKey="Fonta I" first="Isabelle" last="Fonta">Isabelle Fonta</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Centre National de Référence Du Paludisme, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Centre National de Référence Du Paludisme, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Le Bideau, Marion" sort="Le Bideau, Marion" uniqKey="Le Bideau M" first="Marion" last="Le Bideau">Marion Le Bideau</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Duflot, Isabelle" sort="Duflot, Isabelle" uniqKey="Duflot I" first="Isabelle" last="Duflot">Isabelle Duflot</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mosnier, Joel" sort="Mosnier, Joel" uniqKey="Mosnier J" first="Joel" last="Mosnier">Joel Mosnier</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Centre National de Référence Du Paludisme, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Centre National de Référence Du Paludisme, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rolland, Clara" sort="Rolland, Clara" uniqKey="Rolland C" first="Clara" last="Rolland">Clara Rolland</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bogreau, Herve" sort="Bogreau, Herve" uniqKey="Bogreau H" first="Hervé" last="Bogreau">Hervé Bogreau</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Centre National de Référence Du Paludisme, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Centre National de Référence Du Paludisme, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hutter, Sebastien" sort="Hutter, Sebastien" uniqKey="Hutter S" first="Sébastien" last="Hutter">Sébastien Hutter</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="La Scola, Bernard" sort="La Scola, Bernard" uniqKey="La Scola B" first="Bernard" last="La Scola">Bernard La Scola</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France. Electronic address: bruno.pradines@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pradines, Bruno" sort="Pradines, Bruno" uniqKey="Pradines B" first="Bruno" last="Pradines">Bruno Pradines</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Centre National de Référence Du Paludisme, Marseille, France. Electronic address: bernard.la-scola@univ-amu.fr.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Centre National de Référence Du Paludisme, Marseille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Travel medicine and infectious disease</title><idno type="eISSN">1873-0442</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">In December 2019, a new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, China. African countries see slower dynamic of COVID-19 cases and deaths. One of the assumptions that may explain this later emergence in Africa, and more particularly in malaria endemic areas, would be the use of antimalarial drugs. We investigated the in vitro antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 of several antimalarial drugs. Chloroquine (EC<sub>50</sub> = 2.1 μM and EC<sub>90</sub> = 3.8 μM), hydroxychloroquine (EC<sub>50</sub> = 1.5 μM and EC<sub>90</sub> = 3.0 μM), ferroquine (EC<sub>50</sub> = 1.5 μM and EC<sub>90</sub> = 2.4 μM), desethylamodiaquine (EC<sub>50</sub> = 0.52 μM and EC<sub>90</sub> = 1.9 μM), mefloquine (EC<sub>50</sub> = 1.8 μM and EC<sub>90</sub> = 8.1 μM), pyronaridine (EC<sub>50</sub> = 0.72 μM and EC<sub>90</sub> = 0.75 μM) and quinine (EC<sub>50</sub> = 10.7 μM and EC<sub>90</sub> = 38.8 μM) showed in vitro antiviral effective activity with IC<sub>50</sub> and IC<sub>90</sub> compatible with drug oral uptake at doses commonly administered in malaria treatment. The ratio C<sub>lung</sub>/EC<sub>90</sub> ranged from 5 to 59. Lumefantrine, piperaquine and dihydroartemisinin had IC<sub>50</sub> and IC<sub>90</sub> too high to be compatible with expected plasma concentrations (ratio C<sub>max</sub>/EC<sub>90</sub> < 0.05). Based on our results, we would expect that countries which commonly use artesunate-amodiaquine or artesunate-mefloquine report fewer cases and deaths than those using artemether-lumefantrine or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine. It could be necessary now to compare the antimalarial use and the dynamics of COVID-19 country by country to confirm this hypothesis.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="Publisher" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32916297</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>24</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1873-0442</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>37</Volume><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Sep</Month><Day>08</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Travel medicine and infectious disease</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Travel Med Infect Dis</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Antimalarial drugs inhibit the replication of SARS-CoV-2: An in vitro evaluation.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>101873</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S1477-8939(20)30369-0</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101873</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>In December 2019, a new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, China. African countries see slower dynamic of COVID-19 cases and deaths. One of the assumptions that may explain this later emergence in Africa, and more particularly in malaria endemic areas, would be the use of antimalarial drugs. We investigated the in vitro antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 of several antimalarial drugs. Chloroquine (EC<sub>50</sub> = 2.1 μM and EC<sub>90</sub> = 3.8 μM), hydroxychloroquine (EC<sub>50</sub> = 1.5 μM and EC<sub>90</sub> = 3.0 μM), ferroquine (EC<sub>50</sub> = 1.5 μM and EC<sub>90</sub> = 2.4 μM), desethylamodiaquine (EC<sub>50</sub> = 0.52 μM and EC<sub>90</sub> = 1.9 μM), mefloquine (EC<sub>50</sub> = 1.8 μM and EC<sub>90</sub> = 8.1 μM), pyronaridine (EC<sub>50</sub> = 0.72 μM and EC<sub>90</sub> = 0.75 μM) and quinine (EC<sub>50</sub> = 10.7 μM and EC<sub>90</sub> = 38.8 μM) showed in vitro antiviral effective activity with IC<sub>50</sub> and IC<sub>90</sub> compatible with drug oral uptake at doses commonly administered in malaria treatment. The ratio C<sub>lung</sub>/EC<sub>90</sub> ranged from 5 to 59. Lumefantrine, piperaquine and dihydroartemisinin had IC<sub>50</sub> and IC<sub>90</sub> too high to be compatible with expected plasma concentrations (ratio C<sub>max</sub>/EC<sub>90</sub> < 0.05). Based on our results, we would expect that countries which commonly use artesunate-amodiaquine or artesunate-mefloquine report fewer cases and deaths than those using artemether-lumefantrine or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine. It could be necessary now to compare the antimalarial use and the dynamics of COVID-19 country by country to confirm this hypothesis.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gendrot</LastName><ForeName>Mathieu</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Andreani</LastName><ForeName>Julien</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Boxberger</LastName><ForeName>Manon</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jardot</LastName><ForeName>Priscilla</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fonta</LastName><ForeName>Isabelle</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Centre National de Référence Du Paludisme, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Le Bideau</LastName><ForeName>Marion</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Duflot</LastName><ForeName>Isabelle</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mosnier</LastName><ForeName>Joel</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Centre National de Référence Du Paludisme, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rolland</LastName><ForeName>Clara</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bogreau</LastName><ForeName>Hervé</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Centre National de Référence Du Paludisme, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hutter</LastName><ForeName>Sébastien</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>La Scola</LastName><ForeName>Bernard</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France. Electronic address: bruno.pradines@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pradines</LastName><ForeName>Bruno</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Centre National de Référence Du Paludisme, Marseille, France. Electronic address: bernard.la-scola@univ-amu.fr.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>08</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Netherlands</Country><MedlineTA>Travel Med Infect Dis</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101230758</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1477-8939</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Antimalarial drugs</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Antiviral</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">In vitro</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">SARS-CoV-2</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>29</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2020</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>31</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>01</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>12</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>12</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>11</Day><Hour>20</Hour><Minute>12</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>aheadofprint</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32916297</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S1477-8939(20)30369-0</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101873</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>France</li></country><region><li>Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</li></region><settlement><li>Marseille</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="France"><region name="Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur"><name sortKey="Gendrot, Mathieu" sort="Gendrot, Mathieu" uniqKey="Gendrot M" first="Mathieu" last="Gendrot">Mathieu Gendrot</name></region><name sortKey="Andreani, Julien" sort="Andreani, Julien" uniqKey="Andreani J" first="Julien" last="Andreani">Julien Andreani</name><name sortKey="Bogreau, Herve" sort="Bogreau, Herve" uniqKey="Bogreau H" first="Hervé" last="Bogreau">Hervé Bogreau</name><name sortKey="Boxberger, Manon" sort="Boxberger, Manon" uniqKey="Boxberger M" first="Manon" last="Boxberger">Manon Boxberger</name><name sortKey="Duflot, Isabelle" sort="Duflot, Isabelle" uniqKey="Duflot I" first="Isabelle" last="Duflot">Isabelle Duflot</name><name sortKey="Fonta, Isabelle" sort="Fonta, Isabelle" uniqKey="Fonta I" first="Isabelle" last="Fonta">Isabelle Fonta</name><name sortKey="Hutter, Sebastien" sort="Hutter, Sebastien" uniqKey="Hutter S" first="Sébastien" last="Hutter">Sébastien Hutter</name><name sortKey="Jardot, Priscilla" sort="Jardot, Priscilla" uniqKey="Jardot P" first="Priscilla" last="Jardot">Priscilla Jardot</name><name sortKey="La Scola, Bernard" sort="La Scola, Bernard" uniqKey="La Scola B" first="Bernard" last="La Scola">Bernard La Scola</name><name sortKey="Le Bideau, Marion" sort="Le Bideau, Marion" uniqKey="Le Bideau M" first="Marion" last="Le Bideau">Marion Le Bideau</name><name sortKey="Mosnier, Joel" sort="Mosnier, Joel" uniqKey="Mosnier J" first="Joel" last="Mosnier">Joel Mosnier</name><name sortKey="Pradines, Bruno" sort="Pradines, Bruno" uniqKey="Pradines B" first="Bruno" last="Pradines">Bruno Pradines</name><name sortKey="Rolland, Clara" sort="Rolland, Clara" uniqKey="Rolland C" first="Clara" last="Rolland">Clara Rolland</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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